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CONTENTS:

NEWS HIGHLIGHTS OF THE WEEK:

1. World
2. Africa
3. Americas
4. Asia Pacific
5. Europe
6. Middle East
7. South Asia
8. Cyberterrorism and Information Warfare
9. Finance
10 Human Rights
11. Law and Legal Issues
12. Transportation
13. Weapons of Mass Destruction
14. Recently Published

FEATURE ARTICLE:
Genocide

NEWS HIGHLIGHTS OF THE WEEK

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1. World

The World Bank reports that "more than $1 trillion dollars (US $1,000 billion) is paid in bribes each year". This figure calculated with 2001-2 economic data, "compares with an estimated size of the world economy at that time of just over US $30 trillion" and demonstrates the global challenge of corruption.
http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/NEWS/0,,contentMDK:20190187~menuPK:34457~pagePK:34370~piPK:34424~theSitePK:4607,00.html#
World Health Day, on April 7, focused on international road accidents that cause one death, 43 injuries, and cost $500,000 every thirty seconds. http://www.whot.int/world-health-day/2004/en/

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2. Africa

Algerian President Abdelaziz Bouteflika has been re-elected with 83 per cent of votes. Although international observers have endorsed the election, the opposition believes such a huge margin is fraudulent and supports their desire to appeal the results, suspicions that have been echoed by much of the local press.

Burkino Faso is trying two civilians and eleven soldiers before a military tribunal for allegedly plotting a coup against President Compaore. The alleged coup leader, Captain Luther Ouali, says he received financial support from Ivory Coast.

Burundi's autumn elections will be supported by a newly approved UN peacekeeping force of more than 5,000 troops that will help ensure security and replace the much smaller African Union peacekeeping presence. Although a peace accord is in place with the main rebel group, Forces for the Defense of Democracy (FDD), there are continued clashes with the Forces for National Liberation that has not reached a peace agreement.

Cameroon and Nigeria have agreed with the border commission on a timetable to finalize the boundaries.

Kenya is featured in a Financial Times Special Report that includes coverage on paying "a triple price for its exposure to international terrorism". http://www.ft.com/kenya2004

Nigerian soldiers were recalled to base while an alleged coup attempt was investigated. In the north, Muslims burned down several churches and a police station

Rwandans commemorated the 10th anniversary of the genocide in which 937,000 Tutsi and politically moderate Hutus were killed. For more information on genocide see this week's Feature Article, below. There are reports that Hutu rebels based in Democratic Republic of Congo have attacked a Tutsi village near the border. The Rwandan army intercepted the attack and 16 rebels were killed.

Sudan's Darfur region continues to see major atrocities including systematic torture and rape by militias, with 20,000 more people fleeing their homes in the past week. Two rebel groups, the Sudan Liberation Army (SLA) and the Justice and Equality Movement (JEM), signed a 45-day ceasefire with the Sudanese government to permit urgently needed humanitarian access.

The Ugandan army fought rebels of the Lord's Resistance Army as they attempted to enter a refugee camp in the northern Lira district. Two civilians and possibly four soldiers were killed.

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3. Americas

Brazil is in the third week of the largest yet wave of protests by the Landless Workers' Movement (MST) including more than 50 property invasions, including a large foreign-owned tree plantation

Haiti's interim prime minister Latortue plans to delay national elections until 2005 despite a constitutional provision to hold elections within 90 days.

In the US, hearings of the 9-11 Commission continued with testimony from National Security Advisor Rice. Many questions referred to the Presidential Daily Briefing (PDB) of August 6, 2001 entitled "Bin Laden Determined to Strike in US" that has since been de-classified. In addition to the historical information cited by Rice, the briefing includes information of a terrorist support network, possible plans for hijacking or explosions with a potential target in lower Manhattan.
http://www.9-11commission.gov/hearings/hearing9.htm
http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2004/04/20040410-5.html
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A2285-2004Apr10.html

TOPOFF 3, a US congress-directed, weapons of mass destruction national exercise series, will undertake the next series of scenarios in April 2005 in conjunction with the UK.

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4. Asia Pacific

Australian police are investigating the theft of 3.5 tons of ammonium nitrate fertilizer that can be used to make explosives. The government plans to bring in security checks for everyone purchasing the chemicals.

The Burmese embassy in Malaysia was attacked by three Rohingya refugees who were apparently protesting persecution in their homeland, where they are a minority ethnic group. They threw three gasoline bombs and have been arrested.

China has decided it will have the final decision on Hong Kong's government and any changes to its electoral laws. Democracy campaigners in Hong Kong say this could, for example, prohibit direct elections for the chief executive.

In Taiwan, a mass rally called for an independent investigation into the shooting of President Chen just before elections. Demonstrators clashed with police, injuring nearly a hundred and resulting in more than a dozen arrests.

On the Indonesian island Sulawesi, two gunmen entered a church and fired automatic weapons at the congregation, wounding seven, in a possible indication that the long-running Christian-Muslim conflict could become more violent.

Malaysia has rejected a US proposal to patrol the Straits of Malacca and emphasized that interference with Malaysian sovereignty would be unacceptable.

In Basilan island of the Philippines, clashes between members of militant Muslim Abu Sayyaf group and armed forces have killed six militants, including one of the leaders, Hamsiraji Sali. Also in Basilan, security forced killed seven prisoners during a firefight following the jailbreak of 53 prison inmates.

The string of bombings in Uzbekistan has been claimed by the previously unknown Jihad Islamic Group.

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5. Europe

Both the Greek and Turkish Cypriot leaders have urged their people to reject the UN reunification plan although other political leaders are encouraging people to vote in favor of the April 24 referendum.

French police have arrested 13 suspected members of the Moroccan Islamic Combatant Group connected with suicide bombings in Morocco that killed 45 people last May. Another investigation uncovered a huge arsenal believed to be weapons and explosives for use by Basque separatist group ETA.

Lithuania's parliament has voted to impeach President Rolandas Paksas for leaking classified information, unlawfully granting citizenship, and interfering in private business.

In the Russian region Ingushetia, President Murat Zyazikov was slightly injured in an attempted assassination in which a suicide car bomber attacked his motorcade. Russian security forces operating in Dagestan rescued Arjan Erkel of Medicins Sans Frontiers. Chechen gunman had held him captive since August 2002.

Spanish authorities continue their investigation into the Madrid train bombings. Two more people, both Moroccans, were arrested last week. Forensic investigations into the suicide apartment explosion last week have identified the remains of a seventh suspect; found cash, documents, and maps; and uncovered a video that threatened more attacks if Spain did not leave Muslim lands. The tape claimed to be from a group called the al Mufti and Ansar al Qaeda Brigades.

In the UK, British authorities are using the Madrid attacks and arrests of suspected militants in the UK to fast track the mandatory use of identity cards within five years. Home Office proposals will be published in a few weeks.

British intelligence agents uncovered an alleged chemical attack, using osmium tetroxide. This chemical is dangerous in closed spaces but does not represent a major hazard or fit the profile of an agent that would be an effective weapon of mass destruction. In another operation,, a half-ton of ammonium nitrate fertilizer was found in a self-storage unit in London and five men have been arrested in connection with its potential use as an explosive.

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6. Middle East

In the occupied Gaza Strip, a three Palestinians were killed by Israeli defense Forces tank fire near an Israeli settlement. All were unarmed. An 11-year-old girl was shot dead when shots were fired from a nearby Israeli settlement's watchtower.

In Iraq, the week that marked one year since the iconic image of the huge bronze statue of Saddam Hussein being dismantled also brought fighting at a level not seen since the US-led invasion was underway and in which hundreds have been killed. The fighting demonstrates dangerous new characteristics, including the unity of Iraqis across barriers of religion or ethnicity against occupation authorities, and new tactics of urban guerilla warfare and hostage taking. During the Shia Muslim holy day of Arbaeen there is a ceasefire, and the US authorities and insurgent forces with mediators from the US-appointed Iraqi Governing Council, are in negotiations to try to end the violence.

Israelis owning licensed firearms were urged to carry them for protection during the Passover holy week.

In the West Bank, Israeli workers cut down a Palestinian farmer's olive grove to make way for barrier construction, prompting protests that led to clashes with Israeli security forces in which several people were injured. A UN committee is preparing to meet next week to discuss the consequences of the barrier construction. http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2004/gapal947.doc.htm

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7. South Asia

Afghan troops have reached the north to restore order in northern Faryab province after fighting among government and military forces and warlord General Rashid Dostum, in another case that demonstrates the lack of security and national order in the face of powerful warlords.

Indian separatist groups including the United Front of Assam, the National Democratic Front of Bodoland, the All Tripura Tiger Force and other separatists have rejected talks proposed by Prime Minister Vajpayee.

In the Indian state of Jharkhand, a land mine killed at least 26 policemen. Rebels of the People's War Group are suspected. In Punjab state, 15 people have been charged with treason and conspiracy for aiding four prisoners, including three accused of a local assassination, escape through a 108-feet long tunnel. The escapees have not been recaptured.

Election-related violence in Indian-administered Kashmir has led to more casualties, including a grenade and gunfire attack at a rally that killed four and injured 56.

Nepal's Maoist rebels continue their offensive, with an attack against a police station that killed nine and wounded six, as well as a 3-day general strike. The 37 government and security officials captured by the rebels at the end of March have been released but there have been mass kidnappings of more than 2,000 villagers whose release is likely in the near future. Anti-monarchy rallies have led to hundreds of arrests and accusations that human rights were again being abused.

Pakistani authorities arrested nine suspected members of the militant Harkat Ul-Mujahideen al-Alami, some of whom are connected with prior attacks.

Sri Lanka has named Mahinda Rajapakse as the new Prime Minister. Work continues to establish a governing coalition but in the face of the controversies and weakness of the government, the peace process could be weakened. It is further threatened by clashes between two Tamil Tiger rebel factions, with the main army targeting forced controlled by breakaway Colonel Karuna.

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8. Cyberterrorism and Information Warfare

Cooperative Association for Internet Data Analysis released a study of the Witty worm describing the sophisticated new techniques it demonstrates. http://www.caida.org/analysis/security/witty/

The National Cyber Security Partnership (NCSP) has developed preliminary guidelines for improving software security throughout the development lifecycle: http://www.cyberpartnership.org/init-soft.html

British Members of the European Parliament supported by the Amicus trade union are campaigning for better security of personal data when it is outsourced to India. They cite a recent Ernst and Young report that "Given the volume of offshoring that is going on and the risks attached, there will be a major regulatory failing within five years." http://www.naeurope.co.uk/en/story.htx?nr=300002261

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9. Finance

The International Monetary Fund's bi-annual Global Financial Stability Report warns that further terrorist attacks could destabilize financial markets and threaten the global economic recovery. http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/gfsr/2004/01/index.htm

Artists Against 419 has published a list of fake banks, lotteries and companies they believe are connected to 19 frauds.
http://www.artists-against-419.mugus.com/419-fake-bank-websites.shtml

Research commissioned by British Telecom Global Services and GB Group finds that 67 per cent of top UK businesses are not compliant with the Money Laundering Regulations in force as of March 1. http://www.btplc.com/News/Pressreleasesandarticles/Agencynewsreleases/2004/an0432.htm

The US Treasury's Office of Foreign Assets Control has withdrawn prior rulings that forbade peer review and copyediting of papers from embargoed nations. http://www.ustreas.gov/press/releases/js1295.htm

In another excellent investigation, Glenn Simpson highlights "Embassy Row: 'Bank of Presidents" Stumbles Amid Probe of Terrorism Funds: Riggs National May Pull Out of Diplomatic Business; Another Treasury Inquiry: From Tyler to Pinochet" in The Wall Street Journal, April 7, 2004 (http://www.wsj.com subscribers only)

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10. Human Rights

The Netherlands set an historic precedent in acting under their implementing legislation to the UN Convention Against Torture. They convicted Sebastien Nzapali, ("King of Beasts") an officer under Sese Seko in what is now the democratic Republic of Congo, of torture. He will serve 30 months in prison. http://www.irinnews.org/report.asp?ReportID=40482

Amnesty International published the latest worldwide statistics on executions, finding that " China, Iran, the USA and Viet Nam accounted for 84 percent of the 1,146 known executions carried out in 28 countries in 2003". http://www.amnestyusa.org/news/document.do?id=80256dd400782b8480256e690056910b
http://www.amnestyusa.org/news/document.do?id=C2475ABA07B7F20A80256E67004A0E80

The UN Special Rapporteur on Human Rights of Indigenous People reported on violence and abuses against migrants and native populations, including cases of illegal detention, lack of access to legal services, and forced labor. http://www.unhchr.ch/ http://www.unog.ch/news2/documents/newsen/cn04043e.htm

A joint statement by Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch, the Medical Foundation for the Care of Victims of Torture, and Memorial, called on an immediate end to the deteriorating situation in Chechnya and Ingushetia, including new evidence of forced disappearances, rape, torture, and extrajudicial executions. http://www.hrw.org/english/docs/2004/04/08/russia8415.htm

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11. Law and Legal Issues

Jawad Akbar, Anthony Garcia, Nabeel Hussain, Omar Khyam, and Waheed Mahmoud, have been charged in British court, under the Explosives Substance Act 1883 and the 2000 Terrorism Act, in connection with the discovery of large stores of ammonium nitrate fertilizer.

Zuriel Amior was released by an Israeli panel of District Court Judges that found insufficient evidence he had been responsible for preparing a bomb in connection with an extremist plot to blow up an Arab girl's school in Jerusalem in 2002. Shlomi Dvir, Yarden Moragand Opher Gamliel were convicted and Yossi Ben-Baruch, was found not guilty.

Mounir el Motassadeq, the only person convicted in connection with the September 11 attacks, has been released from prison with restrictions, pending a new trial.

Zarema Muzhakhoyeva was sentenced by Russian court to 20 years in prison for an attempted suicide bombing that killed a bomb disposal expert. She is connected with Chechen separatists.

Jocelerme Privert, Haitian interior minister under Aristide, has been arrested in connection with allegedly killing political opponents.

Randall Todd Royer and Ibrahim Ahmed Al-Hamdi were sentenced to 20 and 15 years in prison, respectively, in connection with their participation in the "Virginia Jihad Network". http://www.usdoj.gov/opa/pr/2004/April/04_crm_225.htm

Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, an alleged close associate of Osama Bin Laden, was sentenced to death, in absentia by a Jordanian court, for masterminding the October 2002 murder of US government official Laurence Foley. Salem Saad bin Suweid and Yasser Freihat, who were also sentenced to death, for carrying out the actual shooting. Five others were sentenced to death in absentia. Mohammed Damas was sentenced to 15 years in prison and Mohammed Amin to six.

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12. Transportation

US Secretary of Homeland Security Tom Ridge spoke about port security at the Port of Portland http://www.dhs.gov/dhspublic/display?content=3428 Meanwhile, The US Senate adopted the Maritime Transportation Security Bill that would " require the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to complete planning on several major security initiatives and require standards be set to improve other port security efforts. The measure also would require the DHS to establish a user fee to help defray the cost of port security mandates required under the original port security bill.... [And] would require the Secretary of DHS to report on recommendations for conducting background checks for individuals engaged in transportation or transportation-related activities. It contains specific new improvements to benefit port security and further defines the parameters established in 2002 for DHS to follow". http://commerce.senate.gov/newsroom/printable.cfm?id=220320

The US Senate adopted the Rail Security Act of 2004 to authorize additional security resources. It would " direct the Department of Homeland Security to complete a vulnerability assessment of the rail transportation system and make recommendations for addressing security weaknesses within 180 days of enactment. It would also authorize appropriations to meet immediate security needs for intercity and freight rail transportation, including funding to address the longstanding fire and life safety needs of several Amtrak tunnels along the Northeast Corridor" in cooperation with the Department of Transportation. http://commerce.senate.gov/newsroom/printable.cfm?id=220319

Meanwhile, the Transportation Security Administration published "Rail and Transit Security Awareness Tips For Passengers" http://www.tsa.gov/public/display?theme=40&content=0900051980097dd0 and has also opened a Request for Proposal for their Registered Traveler Pilot Program. http://www.tsa.gov/public/display?theme=44&content=0900051980097ca6

US Customs and Border Protection and the Department of Commerce agreed to provide data to the Mexican government for "mutual border protection, export control, and the detection and deterrence of revenue fraud". http://www.cbp.gov/xp/cgov/newsroom/press_releases/04072004.xml

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13. Weapons of Mass Destruction

The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has reached agreement with Iran on a timetable for dealing with outstanding verification efforts. http://www.iaea.org/NewsCenter/Focus/IaeaIran/index.shtml
Discussions over inspections in Brazil are ongoing.

The UN Disarmament Commission began their annual meeting last week but has been suspended until participants can agree on a work program for the 3-week session. http://disarmament.un.org

The US Defense Criminal Investigative Service of the Department of Defense, is investigating the theft and online sale of military body armor. Investigators have charges one suspect and are proceeding with investigations against more than 150 people in 33 states.

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14. Recently Published

Rick Atkinson, "In the Company of Soldiers: A Chronicle of Combat" Henry Holt

Daniel Barenblatt, "A Plague Upon Humanity: The Secret Genocide of Axis Japan's Germ Warfare Operation" HarperCollins

Jonathan Fenby, "Chiang Kai-Shek: China's Generalissimo and the Nation He Lost" Carroll and Graf

Chalmers Johnson, "The Sorrows of Empire: Militarism, Secrecy, and the End of the Republic" Holt/Metropolitan

Yasmina Khadra, transl John Cullen, "The Swallows of Kabul" (novel) Doubleday

David J. Morris, "Storm on the Horizon: Khafji: The Battle That Changed the Course of the Gulf War" Free Press

Janet Todd, "Daughters of Ireland: The Rebellious Kingsborough Sisters and the Making of a Modern Nation" Ballantine

Paul Williams, "Evil Empire: The Irish Mob and the Assassination of Veronica Guerin" Forge

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FEATURE ARTICLE: Genocide

In 1948 the world decided there was a duty to respond to genocide, that never again could people stand by in the face of mass killings.

The Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide confirms "that genocide, whether committed in time of peace or in time of war, is a crime under international law" that the signatories pledged to prevent and to punish.
It defines genocide as "any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group, as such:
(a) Killing members of the group;
(b) Causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group;
(c) Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part;
(d) Imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group;
(e) Forcibly transferring children of the group to another group".

And it punishes genocide; conspiracy to commit genocide; direct and public incitement to commit genocide; attempt to commit genocide; and complicity in genocide. This convention is further supported by other conventions on human rights that address war crimes, crimes against humanity, and so forth.

This week the world has commemorated the tenth anniversary of the genocide in Rwanda. But this tragic event is not isolated. Since the Convention was signed, incidents of genocide, state-sponsored mass killings and massacres have taken place in countries around the world including Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Argentina, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Bosnia, Botswana, Brazil, Burma, Burundi , Cambodia, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, Colombia, Congo-Brazzaville, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Democratic Republic of the Congo, East Timor, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Georgia- Abkhasia, Guatemala, India, India - Kashmir, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel – Palestine, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Kosovo, Laos, Lebanon, Liberia, Macedonia, Madagascar, Mali, Mexico, Mexico - Chiapas, Morocco - Western Sahara, Mozambique, Nepal, Nicaragua, Nigeria, North Korea, Northern Ireland, Pakistan, Paraguay, Peoples Republic of China, Philippines, Russia - Chechnya, Senegal – Casamance, Serbia, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Syria, Tibet, Turkey, Uganda, USSR (Crimea, Dagestan, Ingushetia), Uzbekistan Fergana Valley, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yugoslavia, and Zimbabwe. (http://www.genocidewatch.org/genocidetable.htm)

Many years of research, and many incidents to provide raw material for detailed study, have led to a good understanding of the causes of genocide and how it can be prevented. The international institutions to act on what we have learned have for the most part not yet been put in place, but there has been some progress.

In 1985 (following the Rwandan genocide) the UN issued the Whitaker Report that updated previous work on prevention and punishment of genocide. It included a number of suggestions, beginning with getting more states to ratify the Convention. Although 96 member states had done so, the United States and Bolivia had signed but not ratified, and other members had not even signed. The US ratified the Convention in 1988; Bolivia has still not done so. However the number of signatories has almost doubled.

Whitaker's second recommendation was to address the difficulty of punishing the crime of genocide in the absence of an international instrument through which to do this. Fifty years after such a body was called for, the International Criminal Court was established and is now fully operational. In addition, a variety of special tribunals were established to deal with particular atrocities in, for example, the former Yugoslavia, Rwanda, and Sierra Leone.

Finally, Whitaker called for measures to prevent genocide. He called for additional research to develop an early warning system for genocide, including "an efficient coordinating network, maintained in a state of permanent readiness". Upon receiving an alert, steps could then be taken such as : "the investigation of allegations; activating different organs of the United Nations and related organizations...; seeking support of the international press...; enlisting the aid of other media to call public attention to the threat, or actuality, of genocidal massacre asking relevant racial, communal and religious leaders, in appropriate cases, to intercede , and arranging the immediate involvement of suitable mediators and conciliators at the outset. Finally, there are the possibility of sanctions...." He also suggested establishing a new international body responsible for genocide. To date, these recommendations have been undertaken by non-governmental organizations such as Genocide Watch, that is the coordinating organization for the International Campaign to End Genocide, founded in 1999. But this too is beginning to change.

Earlier this year, the Stockholm International Forum on "Preventing Genocide: Threats and Responsibilities" affirmed their determination to combat genocide, ethnic cleansing, racism, anti-Semitism, islamophobia and xenophobia. They committed to:
* "using and developing practical tools and mechanisms to identify as early as possible and to monitor and report genocidal threats to human life and society...."
* "protect groups identified as potential victims of genocide, mass murder or ethnic cleansing...".
* "ensuring that perpetrators of genocidal acts are brought to justice"
* "supporting survivors of genocide to rebuild their communities and to return to normal life"
* "supporting research into the possibilities of preventing genocide, mass murder and ethnic cleansing"
* "educating the youth and the wider public against genocidal dangers of all kinds... [and] ... disseminating knowledge of these dangers to those involved in government, international organizations, non-governmental organizations, humanitarian and peace support operations and the media"
* "exploring... the options presented at the Forum for action... including the concrete proposals presented by the United Nations Secretary-General"
* "cooperating in our search for effective measures against genocidal dangers with all members of the family of nations, in the United Nations and other relevant global and regional organizations as well as with non-governmental organizations, labour organizations, the media and with business and academic communities".

UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan has proposed a 5-point plan that includes
1. Preventing armed conflict;
2. Protection of civilians in armed conflict;
3. Ending impunity;
4. Early and clear warning;
5. Swift and decisive action when genocide is happening, or about to happen
(http://www.unog.ch/news2/documents/newsen/sg04003e.htm)
Annan's proposals include establishing a UN Genocide Prevention Committee and a UN Special Rapporteur on Genocide Prevention, reporting to the Security Council. In addition, there are ongoing discussions regarding establishing a rapid response force in the UN.

To accomplish all of this requires political will and leadership. That has been sadly lacking and there is still no indication that international priorities have changed enough to prevent future tragedies.

There are a number of immediate tactical measures that could be undertaken to clearly demonstrate that the world is united in preventing future acts of genocide and helping repair the tragedies of the past. For example, in addition to the large sums spent on prosecuting perpetrators, the victims of these crimes need financial support to recover and reintegrate in society. In Rwanda, although 937,000 Tutsi and politically moderate Hutus died, there were also more than 250,000 women who were brutally raped and live on with HIV/AIDS and other infections; they should be provided treatment and their families should be given long-term care.

It is also important to take action now to intervene in areas at risk. There is an immediate crisis in the Darfur region of Sudan, and other areas at risk include Ethiopia, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kosovo and many others.

As Kofi Annan ended his speech in reflection of the Rwandan genocide with a plea: "Let us not wait until the worst has happened, or is already happening. Let us not wait until the only alternatives to military action are futile hand-wringing or callous indifference. Let us... be serious about preventing genocide. Only so can we honour the victims whom we remember today. Only so can we save those who might be victims tomorrow." (ibid.)

Further Reading:

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